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Fierce fighting has erupted in Masisi between government forces and a powerful local warlord, General Delta. The United Nations mission in the DRC is its largest and most expensive peacekeeping effort, but it shut down five UN bases near Masisi in 2017, after the U.S. led a push to cut costs. [97] In 1908, the Belgian parliament, in spite of initial reluctance, bowed to international pressure (especially from the United Kingdom) and took over the Free State from King Leopold II. [39] On 18 October 1908, the Belgian parliament voted in favour of annexing the Congo as a Belgian colony. Executive power went to the Belgian minister of colonial affairs, assisted by a Colonial Council (Conseil Colonial) (both located in Brussels). The Belgian parliament exercised legislative authority over the Belgian Congo. In 1923 the colonial capital moved from Boma to Léopoldville, some 300 kilometres (190mi) further upstream into the interior. [40] Force Publique soldiers in the Belgian Congo in 1918. At its peak, the Force Publique had around 19,000 Congolese soldiers, led by 420 Belgian officers. Conditions improved in late 2002, when a large portion of the invading foreign troops withdrew. A number of International Monetary Fund and World Bank missions met with the government to help it develop a coherent economic plan, and President Kabila began implementing reforms. Much economic activity still lies outside the GDP data. Through 2011 the DRC had the lowest Human Development Index of the 187 ranked countries. [182] DR Congo's Human Development Index scores, 1970–2010. Collecting firewood in Basankusu. Migration [ edit ] Population fleeing their villages due to fighting between FARDC and rebels groups, Sake North Kivu 30 April 2012

Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDS-RDC) 2013–2014" (PDF). Dhsprogram.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 October 2017 . Retrieved 23 June 2018. In Kinshasa, 67% of the population in 2014 could read and write French, and 68.5% could speak and understand it. [200] Main articles: Congo Crisis and Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) The leader of ABAKO, Joseph Kasa-Vubu, first democratically elected President of Congo-Léopoldville Patrice Lumumba, first democratically elected Prime Minister of the Congo-Léopoldville, was murdered by Belgian-supported Katangan separatists in 1961. Pianigiani, Gaia (23 February 2021). "Italy Mourns an Ambassador and His Bodyguard, Killed in Congo". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 28 December 2021 . Retrieved 30 April 2021. Energie hydraulique des barrages d'Inga: Grands potentiels pour le développement de la République Démocratique du Congo et de l'Afrique"[Technical Study preparing lobby-work on energy-resources and conflict prevention– Hydroelectric power dams at Inga: Great potential for the development of the Democratic Republic of Congo and Africa] (PDF) (in French). suedwind-institut.de. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2013 . Retrieved 27 February 2013.Cobalt: World Mine Production, By Country". Archived from the original on 27 March 2008 . Retrieved 30 June 2008. The word Zaire is from a Portuguese adaptation of a Kikongo word nzadi ("river"), a truncation of nzadi o nzere ("river swallowing rivers"). [23] [24] [25] The river was known as Zaire during the 16th and 17th centuries; Congo seems to have replaced Zaire gradually in English usage during the 18th century, and Congo is the preferred English name in 19th-century literature, although references to Zaire as the name used by the natives (i.e. derived from Portuguese usage) remained common. [26] Vital Kamerhe: DRC president's chief of staff found guilty of corruption". BBC News. 20 June 2020. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021 . Retrieved 7 December 2021.

No elections in DR Congo before April 2018: minister". modernghana.com. 27 November 2016. Archived from the original on 28 November 2016 . Retrieved 27 November 2016. DRC: 'Pendulum displacement' in the Kivus". IRIN. 1 August 2007. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015 . Retrieved 11 March 2015. There should be more conceptual books on this topic, and this is one of them. Haven’t you wondered why this war drags on for decades, without resolution? Start your quest for an answer here."—Tyler Cowen, Marginal Revolution Which Countries Are For or Against China's Xinjiang Policies?". The Diplomat. 15 July 2019. Archived from the original on 16 July 2019 . Retrieved 16 July 2019. Economic activity in DRC". Research and Markets. Archived from the original on 3 July 2010 . Retrieved 22 November 2010.DR Congo: Rampant Intercommunal Violence in West". Human Rights Watch. 2023 . Retrieved 28 April 2023. Zaire Chooses Confusing New Name | The Spokesman-Review". www.spokesman.com. Archived from the original on 25 January 2022 . Retrieved 25 January 2022. Vigilant, Linda (2004). "Chimpanzees". Current Biology. 14 (10): R369–R371. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2004.05.006. PMID 15186757.